Timelines as a tool for learning about space weather storms

Space weather storms typically have solar, interplanetary, geophysical and societal-effect components that overlap in time, making it hard for students novices to determine cause-and-effect relationships relative timing. To address this issue, we use timelines provide context space of different intensities. First, present a timeline tabular description the great auroral last 500 years as an example climate. The graphical summary these 14 events suggests they occur about every 40–60 years, although distribution such is far from even. One outstanding event 1770 may qualify one-in-500-year event, based on duration. Additionally, two examples describe using geospace effects categories. first prolonged storm sequence late January 1938 produced low-latitude auroras impacts mature technology (telegraphs) high frequency radio communication aviation, which was developing technology. illustrate space-age, produce detailed strong December 2006 geomagnetic impacted numerous space-based technologies monitoring navigation. During there were navigations system disturbances hardware disruptions. We adopt terminology developed many previous studies blend with historical accounts create help organize disentangle presented herein.